Q: In Genesis 1:28, God talks about man subduing the earth and having dominion over it. What exactly does that mean?
A: Many people feel that subduing the earth means to “conquer” it. But the Hebrew word used means to “study and understand” the earth.
Quotable quote:
“… I think that some people may have an inability to cope, and maybe this might sound a bit extreme, but that might be Darwinian theory, the Darwin theory of survival of the fittest. Maybe some of us aren’t meant to survive, maybe some of us are meant to kill ourselves …
“There’s too many people in the world as it is. Maybe it is survival of the fittest, maybe some of us are meant to just give up, and maybe that would help the species.”
– Black Dog Days—The Experience and Treatment of Depression, Life Matters with Norman Swan (ABC [Australia] radio), May 4, 2000. |
God was instructing Adam to study all of life and understand how He made it work. It was like God telling Adam to go to school and learn the sciences, including such areas as botany, zoology, chemistry and ecology. Adam had the task to learn about every aspect of God’s creation, not just to lay back and take life easy.
With the knowledge that Adam was to have learned, he was then to have taken dominion over the earth. This meant that he was to be a good steward of all of the resources on the earth and not abuse them.
Like Adam, we’re also to subdue the earth—but this doesn’t mean we’re to let the earth have dominion over us. Let’s be reminded that we’re to use the earth’s resources for man’s good and God’s glory, understanding from Genesis that sin and the Judgment of the Curse have drastically affected our world. Thus, it’ll require hard work on our part!
UPDATE - here is an added email about this article, due to reader feedback. Please note that I had already corrected the verse in the question.
A number of readers have responded to the February 5 version of the AnswersUpdate email newsletter. First, we would like to apologize for the typo, which indicated the verse we were discussing was Genesis 1:18. As many of our “Berean” readers noted, it was Genesis 1:28. Additionally, many other “Berean” readers should be commended for looking up the Hebrew and asking us for our sources since Strong’s and a few other lexicons and commentaries seem to contradict the definition of subdue given in the Q&A (“to study and understand the earth”). We would like to clarify what we meant.
The use of “study and understand” as a suggested definition of the Hebrew word for subdue (kabash) is not a strict definition as our AnswersUpdate led many to conclude, but rather is one that is inferred from a proper understanding of kabash. A better phrasing may have been, “But the Hebrew word used indicates that we should ‘study and understand’ the earth.”
Man is indeed told in Genesis to have dominion (radah) over the Earth, to subdue (kabash) it. The Hebrew words used can have the sense of crushing, like grapes in a winepress, but also reigning over something, controlling it. Control or reign can of course be benevolent, as well as destructive, e.g. Micah 7:19, in which the subduing (kabash) of our sins is a sign of God’s compassion. Leviticus 25:43 ff condemns ruthless dominion (radah). In contrast,
1 Kings 4:24–25 says that Solomon’s dominion (radah) resulted in peace, safety and “each man under his own vine and fig tree.” So the type of radah must be decided by context. Since these words were spoken by God into an Edenic situation, before the Fall, it is especially hard to imagine any sort of destructive or ruthless implication to them.
This “dominion mandate,” as it has been called, has usually been taken as an instruction and mandate to bring the Earth into submission for mankind’s benefit. It has helped give rise to the flowering of science and technology in the Christian West. This was especially so after the Reformation, in which the Bible, along with a more consistent biblical worldview, was “rediscovered” by the masses. Thus, even though the definition for kabash as “study and understand” may not be accurate, “studying and understanding” is a proper result of understanding God’s use of kabash in Genesis 1:28.
Thank you to many for catching this as well as the typo in the citation which should have been Genesis 1:28 and not Genesis 1:18.
We encourage all of our readers to always be like the Bereans who “searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so,” whether the material be from us or any other source. After all, we’re fallible humans—and the only true authority is Scripture. We apologize for any misunderstanding.
**Question taken from an email sent to me from www.AnswersInGenesis.com**
Recent Comments